Ritsumeikan University Asia-Japan Research Series

Islamic Social Finance and the Architecture of Mutual Responsibility: Zakat and Waqf in the Digital Governance of Islamic Welfare

《Profile of the author》

	Dr. Ammar Khashan Affiliation: Ritsumeikan Asia-Japan Research Organization Asia-Japan Research Institute, Associate Professor Specialized field: Islamic Economics, Islamic Jurisprudence, Qur’an and Hadith Studies, Economics
	This book presents Islamic social finance as a continuous institutional tradition, from its early textual sources to the current questions of digital governance. It builds on the concept of takāful. In modern usage, the word often refers to a type of Islamic insurance, but here it conveys an older and broader sense: the ethic of mutual support, expressed in the Qurʾān and ḥadīth, in which need and hardship are borne by the community rather than left to private charity. This ethic takes concrete form in two institutions, zakat and waqf. Zakat has a broad basis in the revealed texts, and over time, it was shaped into a governed obligation that the community collects and distributes. The scriptural sources say much less about waqf, which was instead developed by jurists through ijtihād into one of the major institutions of premodern Muslim societies. The book’s main argument is that this juristic and institutional inheritance remains directly relevant to the present. It therefore offers a vantage point for solving current questions, such as those arising from the revival of zakat and waqf in Indonesia and Malaysia, and the recent debates over Islamic FinTech and crypto-assets. The analysis stays close to the Arabic sources throughout and brings them to bear on these contemporary discussions.
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